Endotoxin refers to a component of the outer cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria called lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LPS is the biologically active portion of naturally occurring endotoxin complexes.

Inadequate endotoxin testing places patients at risk. Knowing the relative strengths and weaknesses of available test methods is crucial to maintaining quality and safety. Endotoxins are small, ...

Endotoxin removal from a finished product is a major challenge for biopharmaceutical manufacturers; particularly as all endotoxin removal methods have operational limitations and may result in loss of ...

Despite continuous improvements in sepsis outcomes over past decades, data suggest that overall prognosis has plateaued.1 Specifically, septic shock—a severe form of sepsis characterised by systemic ...

THE role of bacterial endotoxins in the pathogenesis of infections due to endotoxin-containing bacteria is not clear. It is commonly assumed that endotoxin is a major factor in determining toxicity ...

Bacteria can be found everywhere—even sometimes in clean rooms. That’s a problem for manufacturers of drugs and medical devices that are injected or implanted. Even if manufacturers can remove the ...

In early life, the innate immune system can recognize both viable and nonviable parts of microorganisms. Immune activation may direct the immune response, thus conferring tolerance to allergens such ...

Purpose It is well known that endotoxins in storage medium may stimulate cytokine production and expression of adhesion molecules as well as endothelial damage in human corneal grafts. It has been ...

The presence of harmful bacteria in parenteral drugs or implantable devices can cause inflammatory responses such as fever and, in some cases, may even be fatal. As a result, robust bacterial ...